Chojun Miyagi
(1888-1953)
Goju-Ryu
which originated from Naha-te was established by Chojun
Miyagi
(1888-1953) who was a disciple of Kanryo Higaonna. At the
age of 16, Chojun Miyagi went to China and studied Karate under many
renowned Karate masters. He also studied theory and completed special
breathing way called "Kisoku no Donto".
” Means “hard” and “
” means “soft”, thus idiom Goju
suggests any variation of hard and soft aspect. As for
a historical point of view a major body of system was imported from
Fukien Province in China, which the system called itself one half
hard and one soft style
in Chinese. The system also called Fukien Crane Chuan
which was branched school from Five Ancestor Chuan
.
Karate-Do
was named officially during the 1930's in mainland Japan.
Traditionally, all the martial arts that were recognized among the
field claimed their specific name of school or style in order to identify
their lineage within the art. Unlike its custom, the art of Karate-Do
in Okinawa thus started claim to its name of style such as Goju-Ryu
and Shito-Ryu
. “
” literally means stream which indicates lineage of branch.
Among the various styles of Karate originally practiced on the Okinawa
Island, Goju-Ryu is known as the earliest institute of Karate that
named its school by its specific style.
Chojun Miyagi Sensei
was born April 25, 1888 in Higashi-Machi (Naha-shi) Okinawa
of a wealthy family. Miyagi Chojun was originally born as Miyagi Matsu;
however his name was changed to Chojun at the age of 5 by his uncle,
whom adopted him after the death of his father in 1893.
In 1902, Sensei Chojun started Naha-te practice with Kanryo Higaonna
Sensei at his age of 14. After years of training with Higaonna Sensei,
Miyagi went to China in May 1915 in search of his Higaonna’s teacher.
This was one of his three trips to China during his life. He studied
Chuguko Kempo (Chinese Fist) in Fouchow, Fukien Province, from 1915
to 1917. In early of 1917, he returned to Okinawa due to the death
of Higaonna Sensei.
After he came back to Okinawa, he began to teach his Karatedo around
Naha, and then thought out Japan. Chojun Miyagi Sensei had combined
the basic Go (Sanchin), the six rules, and created the Ju (Tensho)
form. This is the combination of hard and soft movements. He also
organized the auxiliary movements to strengthen the body through calisthenics
and create the classical Kata.
In 1929, one of his students, Sensei Gogen Yamaguchi, invited Miyagi
Sensei to visit Japan. Later, Sensei Yamaguchi established the Goju-Ryu
schools in mainland Japan.
Chojun Miyagi Sensei worked hard
to spread Karatedo throughout Okinawa and mainland Japan, and to earn
Naha-te in a status equal to the highly respectful as Judo and Kendo.
To achieve this he traveled frequently to mainland Japan where he
was invited to teach Karatedo at Kyoto University and Ritsumei Kan
University.
In 1933, Karatedo was registered at the Butokukai, the center for
all martial arts in Japan. This was a milestone for Karatedo, which
it was recognized on a level with the highly respected martial arts
of Japan.
On March 23, 1934, Chojun Miyagi
Sensei wrote the document Toudijutsu Gaisetsu (An Outline of Karatedo),
a very rare and very technical on the almost spiritual training of
Karatedo By 1936, Chojun Miyagi Sensei is truly recognized by the
Government of Japan with being awarded the medal for “Excellence in
the Martial Arts” from the Japanese Ministry of Education year he
went to train at the Chinese martial arts in Shanghai at the Seibu
Dai Iku Kai or Great Gymnastic Association - Pure Martial Spirit.
Miyagi Chojun Sensei's instruction was not limited to physical training.
Miyagi Sensei also lectured his students on history, culture, society,
human relations as many senior Sensei of today do. During these ‘sessions’
Chojun Miyagi Sensei would teach the kata (forms) in great detail
and explain the "bunkai" (kata applications) thoroughly.
Chojun Miyagi dedicated his whole life to karate. He was responsible
for structuring Naha-te (which he later named "Goju-Ryu")
into a systematized discipline which could be taught to society in
general. This teaching system which he formulated enabled Karatedo
to be taught in schools for the benefit of the young, and to reach
vast numbers of people throughout the world. However, his private
teaching at his home remained strictly in adherence to the principles
of his teacher, Kanryo Higaonna, and his teacher before him, Ryuruko.
Chojun Miyagi Sensei passed away October 8th, 1953. He dedicated
his whole life to Karate. He predicted that Karatedo would spread
throughout the world during the twentieth century. Today we can see
that this prediction has come true. Karatedo is not only practiced
in Japan, not only be referred to as a solely Okinawan or Japanese
martial art, but it can be found throughout the countries of the world.
- Do not be struck by others
- Do not strike others
- The principle is the peace without incident
Last words from Chojun Miyagi Sensei
Back to Karate
History